Complete Home & Office Legal Guide/Complete Home and Office Legal Guide (Chestnut) (1993).ISO/stat/eeoc/build1.asc

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/* The regulations for Accessibility to buildings and other
facilities under the ADA follow.*/

PUBLISHED IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER
JULY 26, 1991

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Accessibility Guidelines
for Buildings and Facilities


U.S. Architectural & Transportation Barriers Compliance Board
1111 18th Street, N.W., Suite 501
Washington, D.C. 20036-3894
[phone] v/TDD
[phone] FAX

ADA ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES FOR BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. PURPOSE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1

2. GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1
2.1 Provisions for Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      1
 2.2* Equivalent Facilitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     1

3. MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUCTIONS AND DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . .  1
 3.1 Graphic Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     1
 3.2 Dimensional Tolerances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     1
 3.3 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     1
 3.4 General Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     2
 3.5 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     2

4. ACCESSIBLE ELEMENTS AND SPACES: SCOPE AND TECHNICAL
 REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     7
 4.1 Minimum Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      7
 4.1.1* Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .          7
 4.1.2 Accessible Sites and Exterior Facilities:
 New Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .               9
 4.1.3 Accessible Buildings: New Construction . . . .         11
 4.1.4 (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .         18
4.1.5 Accessible Buildings: Additions. . . . . . . .          18
4.1.6 Accessible Buildings: Alterations. . . . . . .          18

4.1.7 Accessible Buildings: Historic Preservation. . . . . .  23

 4.2 Space Allowance and Reach Ranges. . . . . . . . . . .    25
 4.3 Accessible Route. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    26
 4.4 Protruding Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    29
 4.5 Ground and Floor Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    30
 4.6 Parking and Passenger Loading Zones . . . . . . . . .    30
 4.7 Curb Ramps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    31
 4.8 Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    32
 4.9 Stairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    34
 4.10 Elevators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    35
 4.11 Platform Lifts (Wheelchair Lifts). . . . . . . . . .    38
 4.12 Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    38
 4.13 Doors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    39
 4.14 Entrances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    41
 4.15 Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers . . . . . . . .    41
 4.16 Water Closets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    42
 4.17 Toilet Stalls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    42
 4.18 Urinals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    43
 4.19 Lavatories and Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    44
 4.20 Bathtubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    44
 4.21 Shower Stalls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    45
 4.22 Toilet Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    46
 4.23 Bathrooms, Bathing Facilities, and Shower Rooms. . .    47
 4.24 Sinks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    48
 4.25 Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    48
 4.26 Handrails, Grab Bars, and Tub and Shower Seats . . .    49
 4.27 Controls and Operating Mechanisms. . . . . . . . . .    50
 4.28 Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    50
 4.29 Detectable Warnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    52
 4.30 Signage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    52
 4.31 Telephones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    54
 4.32 Fixed or Built-in Seating and Tables . . . . . . . .    55
 4.33 Assembly Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    56
 4.34 Automated Teller Machines. . . . . . . . . . . . . .    57
 4.35 Dressing and Fitting Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . .    57

5. RESTAURANTS AND CAFETERIAS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

6. MEDICAL CARE FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

7. BUSINESS AND MERCANTILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

8. LIBRARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

9. ACCESSIBLE TRANSIENT LODGING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

10. TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

1. PURPOSE.

This document sets guidelines for accessibility to places of
public accommodation and commercial facilities by individuals
with disabilities.  These guidelines are to be applied during the
design, construction, and alteration of such buildings and
facilities to the extent required by regulations issued by
Federal agencies, including the Department of Justice, under the
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

The technical specifications 4.2 through 4.35, of these
guidelines are the same as those of the American National
Standard Institute's document A117.1-1980, except as noted in
this text by italics.  However, sections 4.1.1 through 4.1.7 and
sections 5 through 10 are different from ANSI A117.1 in their
entirety and are printed in standard type.

The illustrations and text of ANSI A117.1 are reproduced with
permission from the American National Standards Institute.
Copies of the standard may be purchased from the American
National Standards Institute at 1430 Broadway, New York, New York
10018.

2. GENERAL.

2.1 Provisions for Adults.  The specifications in these
guidelines are based upon adult dimensions and anthropometrics.

2.2* Equivalent Facilitation.  Departures from particular
technical and scoping requirements of this guideline by the use
of other designs and technologies are permitted where the
alternative designs and technologies used will provide
substantially equivalent or greater access to and usability of
the facility.

3. MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUCTIONS AND DEFINITIONS.

3.1 Graphic Conventions.  Graphic conventions are shown in Table
1.  Dimensions that are not marked minimum or maximum are
absolute, unless otherwise indicated in the text or captions.

3.2 Dimensional Tolerances.  All dimensions are subject to
conventional building industry tolerances for field conditions.

3.3 Notes.  The text of these guidelines does not contain notes
or footnotes.  Additional information, explanations, and advisory
materials are located in the Appendix.  Paragraphs marked with an
asterisk have related, nonmandatory material in the Appendix.  In
the Appendix, the corresponding paragraph numbers are preceded by
an A.

3.4 General Terminology.
comply with.  Meet one or more specifications of these
guidelines.


if, if ... then.  Denotes a specification that applies only when
the conditions described are present.

may.  Denotes an option or alternative.

shall.  Denotes a mandatory specification or requirement.

should.  Denotes an advisory specification or recommendation.

3.5 Definitions.

Access Aisle.  An accessible pedestrian space between elements,
such as parking spaces, seating, and desks, that provides
clearances appropriate for use of the elements.

Accessible.  Describes a site, building, facility, or portion
thereof that complies with these guidelines.

Accessible Element.  An element specified by these guidelines
(for example, telephone, controls, and the like).

Accessible Route.  A continuous unobstructed path connecting all
accessible elements and spaces of a building or facility.
Interior accessible routes may include corridors, floors, ramps,
elevators, lifts, and clear floor space at fixtures.  Exterior
accessible routes may include parking access aisles, curb ramps,
crosswalks at vehicular ways, walks, ramps, and lifts.

Accessible Space.  Space that complies with these guidelines.

Adaptability.  The ability of certain building spaces and
elements, such as kitchen counters, sinks, and grab bars, to be
added or altered so as to accommodate the needs of individuals
with or without disabilities or to accommodate the needs of
persons with different types or degrees of disability.

Addition.  An expansion, extension, or increase in the gross
floor area of a building or facility.

Administrative Authority.  A governmental agency that adopts or
enforces regulations and guidelines for the design, construction,
or alteration of buildings and facilities.

Alteration.  An alteration is a change to a building or facility
made by, on behalf of, or for the use of a public accommodation
or commercial facility, that affects or could affect the
usability of the building or facility or part thereof.
Alterations include, but are not limited to, remodeling,
renovation, rehabilitation, reconstruction, historic restoration,
changes or rearrangement of the structural parts or elements, and
changes or rearrangement in the plan configuration of walls and
full-height partitions.  Normal maintenance, reroofing, painting
or wallpapering, or changes to mechanical and electrical systems
are not alterations unless they affect the usability of the
building or facility.

Area of Rescue Assistance.  An area, which has direct access to
an exit, where people who are unable to use stairs may remain
temporarily in safety to await further instructions or assistance
during emergency evacuation.

Assembly Area.  A room or space accommodating a group of
individuals for recreational, educational, political, social, or
amusement purposes, or for the consumption of food and drink.
Automatic Door.  A door equipped with a power-operated mechanism
and controls that open and close the door automatically upon
receipt of a momentary actuating signal.  The switch that begins
the automatic cycle may be a photoelectric device, floor mat, or
manual switch (see power-assisted door).

Building.  Any structure used and intended for supporting or
sheltering any use or occupancy.

Circulation Path.  An exterior or interior way of passage from
one place to another for pedestrians, including, but not limited
to, walks, hallways, courtyards, stairways, and stair landings.

Clear.  Unobstructed.

Clear Floor Space.  The minimum unobstructed floor or ground
space required to accommodate a single, stationary wheelchair and
occupant.

Closed Circuit Telephone.  A telephone with dedicated line(s)
such as a house phone, courtesy phone or phone that must be used
to gain entrance to a facility.

Common Use.  Refers to those interior and exterior rooms, spaces,
or elements that are made available for the use of a restricted
group of people (for example, occupants of a homeless shelter,
the occupants of an office building, or the guests of such
occupants).

Cross Slope.  The slope that is perpendicular to the direction of
travel (see running slope).

Curb Ramp.  A short ramp cutting through a curb or built up to
it.

Detectable Warning.  A standardized surface feature built in or
applied to walking surfaces or other elements to warn visually
impaired people of hazards on a circulation path.

Dwelling Unit.  A single unit which provides a kitchen or food
preparation area, in addition to rooms and spaces for living,
bathing, sleeping, and the like.  Dwelling units include a single
family home or a townhouse used as a transient group home; an
apartment building used as a shelter; guestrooms in a hotel that
provide sleeping accommodations and food preparation areas; and
other similar facilities used on a transient basis.  For purposes
of these guidelines, use of the term "Dwelling Unit" does not
imply the unit is used as a residence.

Egress, Means of.  A continuous and unobstructed way of exit
travel from any point in a building or facility to a public way.
A means of egress comprises vertical and horizontal travel and
may include intervening room spaces, doorways, hallways,
corridors, passageways, balconies, ramps, stairs, enclosures,
lobbies, horizontal exits, courts and yards.  An accessible means
of egress is one that complies with these guidelines and does not
include stairs, steps, or escalators.  Areas of rescue assistance
or evacuation elevators may be included as part of accessible
means of egress.

Element.  An architectural or mechanical component of a building,
facility, space, or site, e.g., telephone, curb ramp, door,
drinking fountain, seating, or water closet.

Entrance.  Any access point to a building or portion of a
building or facility used for the purpose of entering.  An
entrance includes the approach walk, the vertical access leading
to the entrance platform, the entrance platform itself,
vestibules if provided, the entry door(s) or gate(s), and the
hardware of the entry door(s) or gate(s).

Facility.  All or any portion of buildings, structures, site
improvements, complexes, equipment, roads, walks, passageways,
parking lots, or other real or personal property located on a
site.

Ground Floor.  Any occupiable floor less than one story above or
below grade with direct access to grade.  A building or facility
always has at least one ground floor and may have more than one
ground floor as where a split level entrance has been provided or
where a building is built into a hillside.

Mezzanine or Mezzanine Floor.  That portion of a story which is
an intermediate floor level placed within the story and having
occupiable space above and below its floor.

Marked Crossing.  A crosswalk or other identified path intended
for pedestrian use in crossing a vehicular way.

Multifamily Dwelling.  Any building containing more than two
dwelling units.

Occupiable.  A room or enclosed space designed for human
occupancy in which individuals congregate for amusement,
educational or similar purposes, or in which occupants are
engaged at labor, and which is equipped with means of egress,
light, and ventilation.

Operable Part.  A part of a piece of equipment or appliance used
to insert or withdraw objects, or to activate, deactivate, or
adjust the equipment or appliance (for example, coin slot,
pushbutton, handle).

Path of Travel.  (Reserved).

Power-assisted Door.  A door used for human passage with a
mechanism that helps to open the door, or relieves the opening
resistance of a door, upon the activation of a switch or a
continued force applied to the door itself.

Public Use.  Describes interior or exterior rooms or spaces that
are made available to the general public.  Public use may be
provided at a building or facility that is privately or publicly
owned.
Ramp.  A walking surface which has a running slope greater than
1:20.

Running Slope.  The slope that is parallel to the direction of
travel (see cross slope).

Service Entrance.  An entrance intended primarily for delivery of
goods or services.

Signage.  Displayed verbal, symbolic, tactile, and pictorial
information.

Site.  A parcel of land bounded by a property line or a
designated portion of a public right-of-way.

Site Improvement.  Landscaping, paving for pedestrian and
vehicular ways, outdoor lighting, recreational facilities, and
the like, added to a site.

Sleeping Accommodations.  Rooms in which people sleep; for
example, dormitory and hotel or motel guest rooms or suites.

Space.  A definable area, e.g., room, toilet room, hall, assembly
area, entrance, storage room, alcove, courtyard, or lobby.

Story.  That portion of a building included between the upper
surface of a floor and upper surface of the floor or roof next
above.  If such portion of a building does not include occupiable
space, it is not considered a story for purposes of these
guidelines.  There may be more than one floor level within a
story as in the case of a mezzanine or mezzanines.

Structural Frame.  The structural frame shall be considered to be
the columns and the girders, beams, trusses and spandrels having
direct connections to the columns and all other members which are
essential to the stability of the building as a whole.

Tactile.  Describes an object that can be perceived using the
sense of touch.

Text Telephone.  Machinery or equipment that employs interactive
graphic (i.e., typed) communications through the transmission of
coded signals across the standard telephone network.  Text
telephones can include, for example, devices known as TDD's
(telecommunication display devices or telecommunication devices
for deaf persons) or computers.

Transient Lodging.  A building, facility, or portion thereof,
excluding inpatient medical care facilities, that contains one or
more dwelling units or sleeping accommodations.  Transient
lodging may include, but is not limited to, resorts, group homes,
hotels, motels, and dormitories.

Vehicular Way.  A route intended for vehicular traffic, such as a
street, driveway, or parking lot.

Walk.  An exterior pathway with a prepared surface intended for
pedestrian use, including general pedestrian areas such as plazas
and courts.

NOTE: Sections 4.1.1 through 4.1.7 are different from ANSI A117.1
in their entirety and are printed in standard type (ANSI A117.1
does not include scoping provisions).

4. ACCESSIBLE ELEMENTS AND SPACES: SCOPE AND TECHNICAL
REQUIREMENTS.

4.1 Minimum Requirements

4.1.1* Application.

 (1) General.  All areas of newly designed or newly
constructed buildings and facilities required to be accessible by
4.1.2 and 4.1.3 and altered portions of existing buildings and
facilities required to be accessible by 4.1.6 shall comply with
these guidelines, 4.1 through 4.35, unless otherwise provided in
this section or as modified in a special application section.

 (2) Application Based on Building Use.  Special
application sections 5 through 10 provide additional requirements
for restaurants and cafeterias, medical care facilities, business
and mercantile, libraries, accessible transient lodging, and
transportation facilities.  When a building or facility contains
more than one use covered by a special application section, each
portion shall comply with the requirements for that use.

 (3)* Areas Used Only by Employees as Work Areas.  Areas
that are used only as work areas shall be designed and
constructed so that individuals with disabilities can approach,
enter, and exit the areas.  These guidelines do not require that
any areas used only as work areas be constructed to permit
maneuvering within the work area or be constructed or equipped
(i.e., with racks or shelves) to be accessible.

 (4) Temporary Structures.  These guidelines cover
temporary buildings or facilities as well as permanent
facilities.  Temporary buildings and facilities are not of
permanent construction but are extensively used or are essential
for public use for a period of time.  Examples of temporary
buildings or facilities covered by these guidelines include, but
are not limited to: reviewing stands, temporary classrooms,
bleacher areas, exhibit areas, temporary banking facilities,
temporary health screening services, or temporary safe pedestrian
passageways around a construction site.  Structures, sites and
equipment directly associated with the actual processes of
construction, such as scaffolding, bridging, materials hoists, or
construction trailers are not included.

 (5) General Exceptions.

 (a) In new construction, a person or entity is not
required to meet fully the requirements of these guidelines where
that person or entity can demonstrate that it is structurally
impracticable to do so.  Full compliance will be considered
structurally impracticable only in those rare circumstances when
the unique characteristics of terrain prevent the incorporation
of accessibility features.  If full compliance with the
requirements of these guidelines is structurally impracticable, a
person or entity shall comply with the requirements to the extent
it is not structurally impracticable.  Any portion of the
building or facility which can be made accessible shall comply to
the extent that it is not structurally impracticable.

 (b) Accessibility is not required to (i) observation
galleries used primarily for security purposes; or (ii) in
non-occupiable spaces accessed only by ladders, catwalks, crawl
spaces, very narrow passageways, or freight (non-passenger)
elevators, and frequented only by service personnel for repair
purposes; such spaces include, but are not limited to, elevator
pits, elevator penthouses, piping or equipment catwalks.

4.1.2 Accessible Sites and Exterior Facilities:  New
Construction.  An accessible site shall meet the following
minimum requirements:

 (1) At least one accessible route complying with 4.3 shall
be provided within the boundary of the site from public
transportation stops, accessible parking spaces, passenger
loading zones if provided, and public streets or sidewalks, to an
accessible building entrance.

 (2) At least one accessible route complying with 4.3 shall
connect accessible buildings, accessible facilities, accessible
elements, and accessible spaces that are on the same site.

 (3) All objects that protrude from surfaces or posts into
circulation paths shall comply with 4.4.

 (4) Ground surfaces along accessible routes and in
accessible spaces shall comply with 4.5.

 (5) (a) If parking spaces are provided for self-parking by
employees or visitors, or both, then accessible spaces complying
with 4.6 shall be provided in each such parking area in
conformance with the table below.  Spaces required by the table
need not be provided in the particular lot.  They may be provided
in a different location if equivalent or greater accessibility,
in terms of distance from an accessible entrance, cost and
convenience is ensured.

TOTAL PARKING IN LOT
REQUIRED MINIMUM NUMBER OF
ACCESSIBLE SPACES

1 to 25

1
26 to 50
2
51 to 75
3
76 to 100
4
101 to 150
5
151 to 200
6
201 to 300
7
301 to 400
8
401 to 500
9
501 to 1000
2 percent of total
1001 and over
20, plus 1 for each 100 over
1000
Except as provided in (b), access aisles adjacent to accessible
spaces shall be 60 in (1525 mm) wide minimum.

 (b) One in every eight accessible spaces, but not less
than one, shall be served by an access aisle 96 in (2440 mm) wide
minimum and shall be designated "van accessible" as required by
4.6.4. The vertical clearance at such spaces shall comply with
4.6.5. All such spaces may be grouped on one level of a parking
structure.

EXCEPTION: Provision of all required parking spaces in
conformance with "Universal Parking Design" (see appendix A4.6.3)
is permitted.

 (c) If passenger loading zones are provided, then at least
one passenger loading zone shall comply with 4.6.6.

 (d) At facilities providing medical care and other
services for persons with mobility impairments, parking spaces
complying with 4.6 shall be provided in accordance with
4.1.2(5)(a) except as follows:

 (i) Outpatient units and facilities: 10 percent of the
total number of parking spaces provided serving each such
outpatient unit or facility;

 (ii) Units and facilities that specialize in treatment or
services for persons with mobility impairments:  20 percent of
the total number of parking spaces provided serving each such
unit or facility.

 (e)* Valet parking:  Valet parking facilities shall
provide a passenger loading zone complying with 4.6.6 located on
an accessible route to the entrance of the facility.  Paragraphs
5(a), 5(b), and 5(d) of this section do not apply to valet
parking facilities.

 (6) If toilet facilities are provided on a site, then each
such public or common use toilet facility shall comply with 4.22.
If bathing facilities are provided on a site, then each such
public or common use bathing facility shall comply with 4.23.

For single user portable toilet or bathing units clustered at a
single location, at least 5% but no less than one toilet unit or
bathing unit complying with 4.22 or 4.23 shall be installed at
each cluster whenever typical inaccessible units are provided.
Accessible units shall be identified by the International Symbol
of Accessibility.

EXCEPTION: Portable toilet units at construction sites used
exclusively by construction personnel are not required to comply
with 4.1.2(6).

 (7) Building Signage.  Signs which designate permanent
rooms and spaces shall comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.4, 4.30.5 and
4.30.6.  Other signs which provide direction to, or information
about, functional spaces of the building shall comply with
4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, and 4.30.5.  Elements and spaces of
accessible facilities which shall be identified by the
International Symbol of Accessibility and which shall comply with
4.30.7 are:

 (a) Parking spaces designated as reserved for individuals
with disabilities;

 (b) Accessible passenger loading zones;

 (c) Accessible entrances when not all are accessible
(inaccessible entrances shall have directional signage to
indicate the route to the nearest accessible entrance);

 (d) Accessible toilet and bathing facilities when not all
are accessible.

4.1.3 Accessible Buildings: New Construction.  Accessible
buildings and facilities shall meet the following minimum
requirements:

 (1) At least one accessible route complying with 4.3 shall
connect accessible building or facility entrances with all
accessible spaces and elements within the building or facility.

 (2) All objects that overhang or protrude into circulation
paths shall comply with 4.4.

 (3) Ground and floor surfaces along accessible routes and
in accessible rooms and spaces shall comply with 4.5.

 (4) Interior and exterior stairs connecting levels that
are not connected by an elevator, ramp, or other accessible means
of vertical access shall comply with 4.9.

 (5)* One passenger elevator complying with 4.10 shall
serve each level, including mezzanines, in all multi-story
buildings and facilities unless exempted below.  If more than one
elevator is provided, each full passenger elevator shall comply
with 4.10.

EXCEPTION 1: Elevators are not required in facilities that are
less than three stories or that have less than 3000 square feet
per story unless the building is a shopping center, a shopping
mall, or the professional office of a health care provider, or
another type of facility as determined by the Attorney General.
The elevator exemption set forth in this paragraph does not
obviate or limit in any way the obligation to comply with the
other accessibility requirements established in section 4.1.3.
For example, floors above or below the accessible ground floor
must meet the requirements of this section except for elevator
service.  If toilet or bathing facilities are provided on a level
not served by an elevator, then toilet or bathing facilities must
be provided on the accessible ground floor.  In new construction
if a building or facility is eligible for this exemption but a
full passenger elevator is nonetheless planned, that elevator
shall meet the requirements of 4.10 and shall serve each level in
the building.  A full passenger elevator that provides service
from a garage to only one level of a building or facility is not
required to serve other levels.

EXCEPTION 2: Elevator pits, elevator penthouses, mechanical
rooms, piping or equipment catwalks are exempted from this
requirement.

EXCEPTION 3: Accessible ramps complying with 4.8 may be used in
lieu of an elevator.

EXCEPTION 4: Platform lifts (wheelchair lifts) complying with
4.11 of this guideline and applicable state or local codes may be
used in lieu of an elevator only under the following conditions:

(a) To provide an accessible route to a performing area in an
assembly occupancy.

 (b) To comply with the wheelchair viewing position
line-of- sight and dispersion requirements of 4.33.3.

 (c) To provide access to incidental occupiable spaces and
rooms which are not open to the general public and which house no
more than five persons, including but not limited to equipment
control rooms and projection booths.

 (d) To provide access where existing site constraints or
other constraints make use of a ramp or an elevator infeasible.

 (6) Windows: (Reserved).

 (7) Doors:

 (a) At each accessible entrance to a building or facility,
at least one door shall comply with 4.13.

 (b) Within a building or facility, at least one door at
each accessible space shall comply with 4.13.

 (c) Each door that is an element of an accessible route
shall comply with 4.13.

 (d) Each door required by 4.3.10, Egress, shall comply
with 4.13.

 (8) In new construction, at a minimum, the requirements in
(a) and (b) below shall be satisfied independently:

(a) (i) At least 50% of all public entrances (excluding those in
(b) below) must be accessible.  At least one must be a ground
floor entrance.  Public entrances are any entrances that are not
loading or service entrances.

(ii) Accessible entrances must be provided in a number at least
equivalent to the number of exits required by the applicable
building/fire codes.  (This paragraph does not require an
increase in the total number of entrances planned for a
facility.)

(iii) An accessible entrance must be provided to each tenancy in
a facility (for example, individual stores in a strip shopping
center).

One entrance may be considered as meeting more than one of the
requirements in (a).  Where feasible, accessible entrances shall
be the entrances used by the majority of people visiting or
working in the building.

(b) (i) In addition, if direct access is provided for pedestrians
from an enclosed parking garage to the building, at least one
direct entrance from the garage to the building must be
accessible.

(ii) If access is provided for pedestrians from a pedestrian
tunnel or elevated walkway, one entrance to the building from
each tunnel or walkway must be accessible.

One entrance may be considered as meeting more than one of the
requirements in (b).

Because entrances also serve as emergency exits whose proximity
to all parts of buildings and facilities is essential, it is
preferable that all entrances be accessible.
 (c) If the only entrance to a building, or tenancy in a
facility, is a service entrance, that entrance shall be
accessible.

 (d) Entrances which are not accessible shall have
directional signage complying with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, and
4.30.5, which indicates the location of the nearest accessible
entrance.

 (9)* In buildings or facilities, or portions of buildings
or facilities, required to be accessible, accessible means of
egress shall be provided in the same number as required for exits
by local building/life safety regulations.  Where a required exit
from an occupiable level above or below a level of accessible
exit discharge is not accessible, an area of rescue assistance
shall be provided on each such level (in a number equal to that
of inaccessible required exits).  Areas of rescue assistance
shall comply with 4.3.11.  A horizontal exit, meeting the
requirements of local building/life safety regulations, shall
satisfy the requirement for an area of rescue assistance.

EXCEPTION: Areas of rescue assistance are not required in
buildings or facilities having a
supervised automatic sprinkler system.

 (10)* Drinking Fountains:

 (a) Where only one drinking fountain is provided on a
floor there shall be a drinking fountain which is accessible to
individuals who use wheelchairs in accordance with 4.15 and one
accessible to those who have difficulty bending or stooping.
(This can be accommodated by the use of a "hi-lo" fountain; by
providing one fountain accessible to those who use wheelchairs
and one fountain at a standard height convenient for those who
have difficulty bending; by providing a fountain accessible under
4.15 and a water cooler; or by such other means as would achieve
the required accessibility for each group on each floor.)

 (b) Where more than one drinking fountain or water cooler
is provided on a floor, 50% of those provided shall comply with
4.15 and shall be on an accessible route.

 (11) Toilet Facilities: If toilet rooms are provided, then
each public and common use toilet room shall comply with 4.22.
Other toilet rooms provided for the use of occupants of specific
spaces (i.e., a private toilet room for the occupant of a private
office) shall be adaptable.  If bathing rooms are provided, then
each public and common use bathroom shall comply with 4.23.
Accessible toilet rooms and bathing facilities shall be on an
accessible route.

 (12) Storage, Shelving and Display Units:

 (a) If fixed or built-in storage facilities such as
cabinets, shelves, closets, and drawers are provided in
accessible spaces, at least one of each type provided shall
contain storage space complying with 4.25.  Additional storage
may be provided outside of the dimensions required by 4.25.

 (b) Shelves or display units allowing self-service by
customers in mercantile occupancies shall be located on an
accessible route complying with 4.3.  Requirements for accessible
reach range do not apply.

 (13) Controls and operating mechanisms in accessible
spaces, along accessible routes, or as parts of accessible
elements (for example, light switches and dispenser controls)
shall comply with 4.27.

 (14) If emergency warning systems are provided, then they
shall include both audible alarms and visual alarms complying
with 4.28.  Sleeping accommodations required to comply with 9.3
shall have an alarm system complying with 4.28.  Emergency
warning systems in medical care facilities may be modified to
suit standard health care alarm design practice.

 (15) Detectable warnings shall be provided at locations as
specified in 4.29.

 (16) Building Signage:

 (a) Signs which designate permanent rooms and spaces shall
comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.4, 4.30.5 and 4.30.6.

 (b) Other signs which provide direction to or information
about functional spaces of the building shall comply with 4.30.1,
4.30.2, 4.30.3, and 4.30.5.

EXCEPTION: Building directories, menus, and all other signs which
are temporary are not required to comply.

 (17) Public telephones:

 (a) If public pay telephones, public closed circuit
telephones, or other public telephones are provided, then they
shall comply with 4.31.2 through 4.31.8 to the extent required by
the following table:
Number of each type of
telephone
provided on each floor
Number of telephones required
to
comply with 4.31.2 through
4.31.81

1 or more single unit

1 per floor
1 bank2
1 per floor
2 or more banks2
1 per bank.  Accessible unit may
be installed as a single unit in
proximity (either visible or
with signage) to the bank.  At
least one public telephone per
floor shall meet the
requirements for a forward reach
telephone3.
1 Additional public telephones may be installed at any height.
Unless otherwise specified, accessible telephones may be either
forward or side reach telephones.

2 A bank consists of two or more adjacent public telephones,
often installed as a unit.

3 EXCEPTION: For exterior installations only, if dial tone first
service is available, then a side reach telephone may be
installed instead of the required forward reach telephone (i.e.,
one telephone in proximity to each bank shall comply with 4.31).

 (b)* All telephones required to be accessible and
complying with 4.31.2 through 4.31.8 shall be equipped with a
volume control.  In addition, 25 percent, but never less than
one, of all other public telephones provided shall be equipped
with a volume control and shall be dispersed among all types of
public telephones, including closed circuit telephones,
throughout the building or facility.  Signage complying with
applicable provisions of 4.30.7 shall be provided.
 (c) The following shall be provided in accordance with
4.31.9:

 (i) if a total number of four or more public pay
telephones (including both interior and exterior phones) is
provided at a site, and at least one is in an interior location,
then at least one interior public text telephone shall be
provided.

 (ii) if an interior public pay telephone is provided in a
stadium or arena, in a convention center, in a hotel with a
convention center, or in a covered mall, at least one interior
public text telephone shall be provided in the facility.

 (iii) if a public pay telephone is located in or adjacent
to a hospital emergency room, hospital recovery room, or hospital
waiting room, one public text telephone shall be provided at each
such location.

 (d) Where a bank of telephones in the interior of a
building consists of three or more public pay telephones, at
least one public pay telephone in each such bank shall be
equipped with a shelf and outlet in compliance with 4.31.9(2).

 (18) If fixed or built-in seating or tables (including,
but not limited to, study carrels and student laboratory
stations), are provided in accessible public or common use areas,
at least five percent (5%), but not less than one, of the fixed
or built-in seating areas or tables shall comply with 4.32.  An
accessible route shall lead to and through such fixed or built-in
seating areas, or tables.

 (19)* Assembly areas:

 (a) In places of assembly with fixed seating accessible
wheelchair locations shall comply with 4.33.2, 4.33.3, and 4.33.4
and shall be provided consistent with the following table:
Capacity of Seating in Assembly
Areas
Number of Required Wheelchair
Locations
4 to 25
1
26 to 50
2
51 to 300
4
301 to 500
6
over 500
6, plus 1 additional
space for each total seating capacity increase of 100
In addition, one percent, but not less than one, of all fixed
seats shall be aisle seats with no armrests on the aisle side, or
removable or folding armrests on the aisle side.  Each such seat
shall be identified by a sign or marker.  Signage notifying
patrons of the availability of such seats shall be posted at the
ticket office.  Aisle seats are not required to comply with
4.33.4.

 (b) This paragraph applies to assembly areas where audible
communications are integral to the use of the space (e.g.,
concert and lecture halls, playhouses and movie theaters, meeting
rooms, etc.).  Such assembly areas, if (1) they accommodate at
least 50 persons, or if they have audio-amplification systems,
and (2) they have fixed seating, shall have a permanently
installed assistive listening system complying with 4.33.  For
other assembly areas, a permanently installed assistive listening
system, or an adequate number of electrical outlets or other
supplementary wiring necessary to support a portable assistive
listening system shall be provided.  The minimum number of
receivers to be provided shall be equal to 4 percent of the total
number of seats, but in no case less than two.  Signage complying
with applicable provisions of 4.30 shall be installed to notify
patrons of the availability of a listening system.

 (20) Where automated teller machines (ATMs) are provided,
each ATM shall comply with the requirements of 4.34 except where
two or more are provided at a location, then only one must
comply.

EXCEPTION: Drive-up-only automated teller machines are not
required to comply with 4.27.2, 4.27.3 and 4.34.3.

 (21) Where dressing and fitting rooms are provided for
use by the general public, patients, customers or employees, 5
percent, but never less than one, of dressing rooms for each type
of use in each cluster of dressing rooms shall be accessible and
shall comply with 4.35.

Examples of types of dressing rooms are those serving different
genders or distinct and different functions as in different
treatment or examination facilities.

4.1.4 (Reserved).

4.1.5 Accessible Buildings: Additions.  Each addition to an
existing building or facility shall be regarded as an alteration.
Each space or element added to the existing building or facility
shall comply with the applicable provisions of 4.1.1 to 4.1.3,
Minimum Requirements (for New Construction) and the applicable
technical specifications of 4.2 through 4.35 and sections 5
through
10. Each addition that affects or could affect the usability of an
area containing a primary function shall comply with 4.1.6(2).

4.1.6 Accessible Buildings: Alterations.

 (1) General.  Alterations to existing buildings and
facilities shall comply with the following:
 (a) No alteration shall be undertaken which decreases or
has the effect of decreasing accessibility or usability of a
building or facility below the requirements for new construction
at the time of alteration.

 (b) If existing elements, spaces, or common areas are
altered, then each such altered element, space, feature, or area
shall comply with the applicable provisions of 4.1.1 to 4.1.3
Minimum Requirements (for New Construction).  If the applicable
provision for new construction requires that an element, space,
or common area be on an accessible route, the altered element,
space, or common area is not required to be on an accessible
route except as provided in 4.1.6(2) (Alterations to an Area
Containing a Primary Function.)

 (c) If alterations of single elements, when considered
together, amount to an alteration of a room or space in a
building or facility, the entire space shall be made accessible.

 (d) No alteration of an existing element, space, or area
of a building or facility shall impose a requirement for greater
accessibility than that which would be required for new
construction.  For example, if the elevators and stairs in a
building are being altered and the elevators are, in turn, being
made accessible, then no accessibility modifications are required
to the stairs connecting levels connected by the elevator.  If
stair modifications to correct unsafe conditions are required by
other codes, the modifications shall be done in compliance with
these guidelines unless technically infeasible.

 (e) At least one interior public text telephone complying
with 4.31.9 shall be provided if:

 (i) alterations to existing buildings or facilities with
less than four exterior or interior public pay telephones would
increase the total number to four or more telephones with at
least one in an interior location; or

 (ii) alterations to one or more exterior or interior
public pay telephones occur in an existing building or facility
with four or more public telephones with at least one in an
interior location.
 (f) If an escalator or stair is planned or installed where
none existed previously and major structural modifications are
necessary for such installation, then a means of accessible
vertical access shall be provided that complies with the
applicable provisions of 4.7, 4.8, 4.10, or 4.11.

 (g) In alterations, the requirements of 4.1.3(9), 4.3.10
and 4.3.11 do not apply.

 (h)* Entrances:  If a planned alteration entails
alterations to an entrance, and the building has an accessible
entrance, the entrance being altered is not required to comply
with 4.1.3(8), except to the extent required by 4.1.6(2).  If a
particular entrance is not made accessible, appropriate
accessible signage indicating the location of the nearest
accessible entrance(s) shall be installed at or near the
inaccessible entrance, such that a person with disabilities will
not be required to retrace the approach route from the
inaccessible entrance.

 (i) If the alteration work is limited solely to the
electrical, mechanical, or plumbing system, or to hazardous
material abatement, or automatic sprinkler retrofitting, and does
not involve the alteration of any elements or spaces required to
be accessible under these guidelines, then 4.1.6(2) does not
apply.

 (j) EXCEPTION: In alteration work, if compliance with
4.1.6 is technically infeasible, the alteration shall provide
accessibility to the maximum extent feasible.  Any elements or
features of the building or facility that are being altered and
can be made accessible shall be made accessible within the scope
of the alteration.

 Technically Infeasible.  Means, with respect to an
alteration of a building or a facility, that it has little
likelihood of being accomplished because existing structural
conditions would require removing or altering a load-bearing
member which is an essential part of the structural frame; or
because other existing physical or site constraints prohibit
modification or addition of elements, spaces, or features which
are in full and strict compliance with the minimum requirements
for new construction and which are necessary to provide
accessibility.

 (k) EXCEPTION:

 (i) These guidelines do not require the installation of an
elevator in an altered facility that is less than three stories
or has less than 3,000 square feet per story unless the building
is a shopping center, a shopping mall, the professional office of
a health care provider, or another type of facility as determined
by the Attorney General.

 (ii) The exemption provided in paragraph (i) does not
obviate or limit in any way the obligation to comply with the
other accessibility requirements established in these guidelines.
For example, alterations to floors above or below the ground
floor must be accessible regardless of whether the altered
facility has an elevator.  If a facility subject to the elevator
exemption set forth in paragraph (i) nonetheless has a full
passenger elevator, that elevator shall meet, to the maximum
extent feasible, the accessibility requirements of these
guidelines.

 (2) Alterations to an Area Containing a Primary Function:
In addition to the requirements of 4.1.6(1), an alteration that
affects or could affect the usability of or access to an area
containing a primary function shall be made so as to ensure that,
to the maximum extent feasible, the path of travel to the altered
area and the restrooms, telephones, and drinking fountains
serving the altered area, are readily accessible to and usable by
individuals with disabilities, unless such alterations are
disproportionate to the overall alterations in terms of cost and
scope (as determined under criteria established by the Attorney
General).

 (3) Special Technical Provisions for Alterations to
Existing Buildings and Facilities:

 (a) Ramps: Curb ramps and interior or exterior ramps to be
constructed on sites or in existing buildings or facilities where
space limitations prohibit the use of a 1:12 slope or less may
have slopes and rises as follows:

 (i) A slope between 1:10 and 1:12 is allowed for a maximum
rise of 6 inches.

 (ii) A slope between 1:8 and 1:10 is allowed for a
maximum rise of 3 inches.  A slope steeper than 1:8 is not
allowed.

 (b) Stairs: Full extension of handrails at stairs shall
not be required in alterations where such extensions would be
hazardous or impossible due to plan configuration.

 (c) Elevators:

 (i) If safety door edges are provided in existing
automatic elevators, automatic door reopening devices may be
omitted (see 4.10.6).

 (ii) Where existing shaft configuration or technical
infeasibility prohibits strict compliance with 4.10.9, the
minimum car plan dimensions may be reduced by the minimum amount
necessary, but in no case shall the inside car area be smaller
than 48 in by 48 in.

 (iii) Equivalent facilitation may be provided with an
elevator car of different dimensions when usability can be
demonstrated and when all other elements required to be
accessible comply with the applicable provisions of 4.10.  For
example, an elevator of 47 in by 69 in (1195 mm by 1755 mm) with
a door opening on the narrow dimension, could accommodate the
standard wheelchair clearances shown in Figure 4.

 (d) Doors:

 (i) Where it is technically infeasible to comply with
clear opening width requirements of 4.13.5, a projection of 5/8
in maximum will be permitted for the latch side stop.

 (ii) If existing thresholds are 3/4 in high or less, and
have (or are modified to have) a beveled edge on each side, they
may remain.

 (e) Toilet Rooms:

 (i) Where it is technically infeasible to comply with 4.22
or 4.23, the installation of at least one unisex toilet/bathroom
per floor, located in the same area as existing toilet
facilities, will be permitted in lieu of modifying existing
toilet facilities to be accessible.  Each unisex toilet room
shall contain one water closet complying with 4.16 and one
lavatory complying with 4.19, and the door shall have a privacy
latch.

 (ii) Where it is technically infeasible to install a
required standard stall (Fig. 30(a)), or where other codes
prohibit reduction of the fixture count (i.e., removal of a water
closet in order to create a double-wide stall), either alternate
stall (Fig.30(b)) may be provided in lieu of the standard stall.

 (iii) When existing toilet or bathing facilities are
being altered and are not made accessible, signage complying with
4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, 4.30.5, and 4.30.7 shall be provided
indicating the location of the nearest accessible toilet or
bathing facility within the facility.

 (f) Assembly Areas:

 (i) Where it is technically infeasible to disperse
accessible seating throughout an altered assembly area,
accessible seating areas may be clustered.  Each accessible
seating area shall have provisions for companion seating and
shall be located on an accessible route that also serves as a
means of emergency egress.

 (ii) Where it is technically infeasible to alter all
performing areas to be on an accessible route, at least one of
each type of performing area shall be made accessible.

 (g) Platform Lifts (Wheelchair Lifts):  In alterations,
platform lifts (wheelchair lifts) complying with 4.11 and
applicable state or local codes may be used as part of an
accessible route.  The use of lifts is not limited to the four
conditions in exception 4 of 4.1.3(5)

 (h) Dressing Rooms:  In alterations where technical
infeasibility can be demonstrated, one dressing room for each sex
on each level shall be made accessible.  Where only unisex
dressing rooms are provided, accessible unisex dressing rooms may
be used to fulfill this requirement.